OMB No.: 3145-0020
Approval Expires: 3/31/95

1993 Survey of Doctorate Recipients

This information is solicited under the authority of the National Science Foundation Act of 1950, as amended. All information you provide will be treated as confidential and will be used for statistical purposes only. Information will be released only in the form of statistical summaries from which it will be impossible to identify any particular person. Your response is entirely voluntary and failure to provide some or all of the requested information will not in any way adversely affect you. Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 25 minutes per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing to collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Herman Fleming, National Science Foundation, 1800 G Street, NW, Washington, D.C.; and to the Office of Management and Budget Paperwork Reduction Project (OMB No. 3145-0020), Washington, DC 20503.

Conducted by
The National Research Council
for the
National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C.
Note: The format of this survey instrument has been altered slightly to reduce download time

.INSTRUCTIONS
Thank you for taking the time to complete this important questionnaire. The directions for filling it out are provided with each question. Because not all questions will apply to everyone, you may be asked to skip certain questions.

In order to get comparable data, we will be asking you to refer to the week of April 15, 1993 when answering most questions
If no "skip" instruction is provided, you should continue to the next question
Either a pen or pencil may be used
When answering questions that require marking a box, please use an [X]
If you need to change an answer, please make sure that your old answer is either completely erased or clearly crossed out

Thanks again for your help, we really appreciate it.

PART A - Employment Status During the Week of April 15, 1993

A1.

Were you working for pay (or profit) during the postdoctoral appointment, being self-employed or temporarily absent from a job (e.g., illness, vacation or parental leave), even if unpaid.

1 [ ] Yes (SKIP TO A7)
2 [ ] No

A2.

(IF NO) Did you look for work at any time during the four weeks preceding April 15?

1 [ ] Yes
2 [ ] No

A3.

What were your reasons for not working during the week of April 15?
MARK ALL THAT APPLY

1 [ ] Retired
2 [ ] On layoff from a job
3 [ ] Student
4 [ ] Family responsibilities
5 [ ] Chronic illness or permanent disability
6 [ ] Suitable job not available
7 [ ] Did not need or want to work
8 [ ] Other (Specify:___________________________)

A4.

In what month and year did you last work for pay (or profit)?

[ ] MARK THIS BOX (X) if you have NEVER worked for pay (or profit) and then SKIP TO PART D (PAGE 10)
LAST WORKED
Month: |___|___| Year: 19 |___|___|

A5.

What kind of work were you doing on your last job--that is, what was your occupation? Please be as specific as possible, including any area of specialization.

Example: College professor - Electrical engineering

_________________________________________
_____________________________________

A6.

Using the JOB CODES (pp. 14-15), choose the code that BEST describes the work you were doing on your last job

|___|___|___| CODE (SKIP TO PART B (PAGE 7))

A7.

(IF WORKING WEEK OF APRIL 15th) Counting all jobs held during the week of April 15, were you employed full-time or part-time?

1 [ ] Full-time (usually worked a total of 35 or more hours per week) (SKIP TO A9)
2 [ ] Part-time (usually worked less than 35 hours per week)

A8.

(IF PART-TIME) What were your reasons for working part-time rather than full-time during the week of April 15?
MARK ALL THAT APPLY

1 [ ] Retired or (SKIP TO A10 (PAGE 2))

semi-retired 19 |__|__| YEAR

2 [ ] Student (SKIP TO A10 (PAGE 2))
3 [ ] Family responsibilities (SKIP TO A10 (PAGE 2))
4 [ ] Chronic illness or permanent Disability (SKIP TO A10 (PAGE 2))
5 [ ] Suitable full-time job not available (SKIP TO A10 (PAGE 2))
6 [ ] Did not need or want to work full-time (SKIP TO A10 (PAGE 2))
7 [ ] Other (Specify): (SKIP TO A10 (PAGE 2))

A9.

(IF FULL-TIME) Although you were working during the week of April 15, had you previously retired from any position?

Examples of retirement include mandatory retirement, early retirement, or voluntary retirement

1 [ ] Yes 19 |__|__| YEAR
2 [ ] No

Please answer the next series of questions for your principal job held during the week of April 15, 1993. A second job, if held, will be covered later.

A10.

Who was your principal employer during the week of April 15?

If you had more than one job that week: Your principal employer is the one for whom you worked the most hours that week.

Employer: _________________________________
Name: ____________________________________
City/Town: ________________________________
State/Foreign Country: _______________________
ZIP Code: _________________________________

A11.

Was this job a POSTDOCTORAL appointment, that is, a temporary appointment in academia, industry or government, primarily for providing continued education or experience in research?

1 [ ] Yes
2 [ ] No

A12.

Was your employer an educational institution?

1 [ ] Yes
2 [ ] No (SKIP TO A16)

A13.

(IF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION) Was the educational institution...
MARK ONE

1 [ ] An elementary, middle, or secondary school or system (SKIP TO A17 (PAGE 3))
2 [ ] A 2-year college, junior college, technical institute
3 [ ] A 4-year college or university, other than a medical school
4 [ ] A medical school (including university-affiliated hospital or medical center)
5 [ ] A university-affiliated research institute
6 [ ] Other (Specify:_______________________________________)

A14.

What was your faculty rank?
MARK ONE

1 [ ] Not applicable at this institution (SKIP TO PAGE 3)
2 [ ] Not applicable for my position (SKIP TO PAGE 3)
3 [ ] Professor (SKIP TO PAGE 3)
4 [ ] Associate Professor (SKIP TO PAGE 3)
5 [ ] Assistant Professor (SKIP TO PAGE 3)
6 [ ] Instructor (SKIP TO PAGE 3)
7 [ ] Lecturer (SKIP TO PAGE 3)
8 [ ] Adjunct Faculty (SKIP TO PAGE 3)
9 [ ] Other (Specify:_____________) (SKIP TO PAGE 3)

A15.

What was your tenure status?
Mark (X) one

1 [ ] Not applicable: no tenure system at this institution
2 [ ] Not applicable: no tenure system for my position
3 [ ] Tenured
4 [ ] On tenure track but not tenured
5 [ ] Not on tenure track

A16.

(IF NOT EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION) Was your employer...
MARK ONE

1 [ ] A Private for Profit company, business or individual, working for wages, salary or commissions
2 [ ] A Private Not-for-Profit, tax-exempt, or charitable organization
3 [ ] Self-Employed in own NOT INCORPORATED business, professional practice, or farm
4 [ ] Self-Employed in own INCORPORATED business, professional practice, or farm
5 [ ] Local government (city, county, etc.)
6 [ ] State government
7 [ ] U.S. military service, active duty or Commissioned Corps (e.g., USPHS, NOAA)
8 [ ] U.S. government (civilian employee)
9 [ ] Other (Specify:)

A17.

What kind of work were you doing on your principal job held during the week of April 15-- that is, what was your occupation? Please be as specific as possible, including any area of specialization.

Example: College professor - Electrical engineering

_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________

A18.

Using the JOB CODES (pp. 14-15) choose the code that BEST describes the work you were doing on your principal job during the week of April 15.

|___|___|___| CODE

A19.

Did you record job code "141" in A18?

1 [ ] Yes
2 [ ] No (SKIP TO A21)

A20.

(IF YES) Did your duties on this job require technical expertise equivalent to at least a bachelor's degree in...

a. Engineering, computer science, math or the natural sciences

1 [ ] Yes 2 [ ] No

b. The social sciences

1 [ ] Yes 2 [ ] No

A21.

In some occupational areas, licensing or certification is recommended or required. As of the week of April 15, were you licensed or certified in your occupation?

Do not include academic degrees

MARK ONE

0 [ ] Licensure, certification not recommended or required
1 [ ] Yes
2 [ ] No

A22.

Thinking about the relationship between your work and your education, to what extent was your work on your principal job held during the week of April 15 related to your first doctoral degree awarded in the U.S.? Was it...
MARK ONE

1 [ ] Closely related (SKIP TO A25)
2 [ ] Somewhat related (SKIP TO A25)
3 [ ] Not related

A23.

(IF NOT RELATED) Did these factors influence your decision to work in an area outside the field of your first U.S. doctoral degree?
MARK YES OR NO FOR EACH

a. Pay, promotion opportunities

1 [ ] Yes 2 [ ] No

b. Working conditions (hours, equipment, working environment)

1 [ ] Yes 2 [ ] No

c. Job location

1 [ ] Yes 2 [ ] No

d. Change in career or professional interests

1 [ ] Yes 2 [ ] No

e. Family-related reasons

1 [ ] Yes 2 [ ] No

f. Job in doctoral degree field not available

1 [ ] Yes 2 [ ] No

g. Other reason (Specify:)

1 [ ] Yes 2 [ ] No

A24.

Which factor in A23 represents your MOST important reason for working in an area outside the field of your first U.S. doctoral degree?

|____| ENTER LETTER OF MOST IMPORTANT REASON FROM A23

A35.

The next question is about your work activities in your principal job. Did the following work activities occupy 10 percent or more of your time during a typical work week on this job?
MARK YES OR NO FOR EACH

a. Accounting, finance, contracts

1 [ ] Yes 2 [ ] No

b. Applied research ? study directed toward gaining scientific knowledge to meet a recognized need

1 [ ] Yes 2 [ ] No

c. Basic research ? study directed toward gaining scientific knowledge primarily for its own sake

1 [ ] Yes 2 [ ] No

d. Computer applications, programming, systems development

1 [ ] Yes 2 [ ] No

e. Development ? using knowledge gained from research for the production of materials, devices

1 [ ] Yes 2 [ ] No

f. Design or equipment, processes, structures, models

1 [ ] Yes 2 [ ] No

g. Employee relations ? including recruiting, personnel development, training

1 [ ] Yes 2 [ ] No

h. Management and administration

1 [ ] Yes 2 [ ] No

i. Production, operations, maintenance (e.g., truck driver, machinist or mechanic)

1 [ ] Yes 2 [ ] No

j. Professional services (health care, financial services, legal services, etc.)

1 [ ] Yes 2 [ ] No

k. Sales, purchasing, marketing

1 [ ] Yes 2 [ ] No

l. Quality or productivity management

1 [ ] Yes 2 [ ] No

m. Teaching

1 [ ] Yes 2 [ ] No

n. Other (specify:)

1 [ ] Yes 2 [ ] No

A26.

On which TWO activities in A25, did you work the MOST hours during a typical week on this job?
ENTER LETTER OF APPROPRIATE ACTIVITY FROM A25

|___| Activity MOST hours
|___| Activity SECOND MOST hours (Enter Z if no second most)

A27.

Did you supervise the work of others as part of this job?

Answer "yes" if you assign duties to workers and recommend or initiate personnel actions such as hiring, firing, or promoting.

1 [ ] Yes
2 [ ] No

A28.

(IF YES) How many people did you typically:

a. supervise directly? __________ (Number Supervised)
b. supervise through subordinate supervisors?__________ (Number Supervised)

A29.

Before deductions, what was your salary on this job as of the week of April 15? [Do not include bonuses, overtime, or additional compensation for summertime teaching or research

If NOT salaried: Please estimate your earned income, excluding business expenses

MARK ONE

Salary or Earned Income : $ per
1 [ ] Hour
2 [ ] Week
3 [ ] Month
4 [ ] Year
5 [ ] Academic Year
6 [ ] Other (Specify:)

A30.

Was this salary or earned income based on working full-time?

If self-employed, please answer yes if you usually worked 35 or more hours a week on this job

1 [ ] Yes
2 [ ] No

A31.

Was any of your work on this job supported by contracts or grants from the U.S. government during the week of April 15?

Federal employees please answer "No"

MARK ONE

1 [ ] Yes
2 [ ] No (SKIP TO A33)
3 [ ] Don't Know (SKIP TO A33)

A32.

(IF YES) Which Federal agencies or departments were supporting your work?
MARK ALL THAT APPLY

1 [ ] Agency for International Development (AID)
2 [ ] Agriculture Department
3 [ ] Commerce Department
4 [ ] Defense Department (DOD)
5 [ ] Education Department (include NCES, OERI, FIPSE, FIRST)
6 [ ] Energy Department (DOE)
7 [ ] Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
8 [ ] Health and Human Services Department (excluding NIH)
9 [ ] Housing and Urban Development Department (HUD)
10 [ ] Interior Department
11 [ ] Justice Department
12 [ ] Labor Department
13 [ ] National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
14 [ ] National Institutes of Health (NIH)
15 [ ] National Science Foundation (NSF)
16 [ ] Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)
17 [ ] State Department
18 [ ] Transportation Department (DOT)
19 [ ] Veterans Administration
20 [ ] Other (Specify:)
21 [ ] DON'T KNOW SOURCE AGENCY

The following 3 questions provide information for the U.S. Department of Energy

A33.

From the following list of selected areas, indicate the ONE area, if any, to which you devoted the MOST hours during a typical week on this job.
MARK ONE

1 [ ] Energy/Fuel
2 [ ] Environment (SKIP TO A36 (PAGE 6))
3 [ ] Health/Safety (SKIP TO A36 (PAGE 6))
4 [ ] National Defense (SKIP TO A36 (PAGE 6))
5 [ ] NONE OF THE ABOVE (SKIP TO A36 (PAGE 6))

A34.

(IF ENERGY/FUEL) From the following list, indicate the ONE ENERGY SOURCE that involved the largest proportion of your energy-related work during the past year.
MARK ONE

01 [ ] Coal
02 [ ] Petroleum and natural gas
03 [ ] Nuclear fission
04 [ ] Nuclear fusion
05 [ ] Hydroenergy
06 [ ] Other Renewables (such as solar, biomass, wind, geothermal)
07 [ ] Other energy source (Specify:)

A35.

From the following list, indicate the ONE ENERGY-RELATED ACTIVITY that involved the largest proportion of your energy-related work during the past year.
MARK ONE

01 [ ] Exploration and extraction
02 [ ] Manufacture of energy-related equipment
03 [ ] Fuel processing (include refining and enriching)
4 [ ] Electric power generation and transmision
05 [ ] Transportation and distribution of fuel
06 [ ] Waste management or decommissioning
07 [ ] Conservation, utilization, management, or storage of energy/fuel
08 [ ] Environment, health, and safety
09 [ ] Other energy-related activity, (Specify:)

A36.

During the week of April 15, did you hold a second job (or business), including part-time, evening, or weekend work?

1 [ ] Yes
2 [ ] No (SKIP TO PART B (PAGE 7))

A37.

(IF YES) What kind of work were you doing at your second job during the week of April 15 ? that is, what was your occupation? Please be as specific as possible, including any area of specialization.

Example: College professor ? Electrical engineering
If you had more than two jobs, answer for the job at which you worked the second greatest number of hours that week

____________________________________
____________________________________

A38.

Using JOB CODES (pp. 14-15) choose the code that BEST describes the work you were doing on your second job during the week of April 15.

|___|___|___| CODE

A39.

Before deductions, what was your salary on your second job during the week of April 15? [Do not include bonuses, overtime, or additional compensation for summertime teaching or research.]

If NOT salaried, please estimate your earned income excluding expenses

MARK ONE

Salary or earned income: $ _____ per
1 [ ] Hour
2 [ ] Week
3 [ ] Month
4 [ ] Year
5 [ ] Academic Year
6 [ ] Other (Specify:)

A40.

To what extent was your work on this second job related to your first doctoral degree awarded in the U.S.? Was it...
MARK ONE

1 [ ] Closely related
2 [ ] Somewhat related
3 [ ] Not related

PART B ? Past Employment

The next few questions will help us better understand how employment behavior changes over time. We will be asking you to think back 5 years ago to your employment activities during April 1988.

B1.

Thinking back 5 years, were you working for pay (or profit) during any part of April 1988?

If you were a student: count jobs required as part of a financial aid award (e.g., work study/ assistantships), but do not count financial aid awards with no work requirement

1 [ ] Yes
2 [ ] No (SKIP TO PART C (PAGE 9))

B2.

(IF YES) Did you have the SAME principal employer during both April 1988 and the week of April 15, 1993?

If self-employed at both times: Answer "Yes"

1 [ ] Yes, same employer (SKIP TO B6)
2 [ ] No, different employer or had no employer during the week of April 15, 1993

B3.

(IF NO) Was your principal employer during April 1988 an educational institution?

1 [ ] Yes
2 [ ] No (SKIP TO B5)

B4.

(IF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION) Was this educational institution...
MARK ONE

1 [ ] An elementary, middle, or secondary school or system
2 [ ] A 2-year college, junior college, technical institute
3 [ ] A 4-year college or university, other than a medical school
4 [ ] A medical school (including university-affiliated hospital or medical center)
5 [ ] A university-affiliated research institute
6 [ ] Other (Specify:)

B5.

(IF NOT EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION) Was your employment during April 1988 with...
MARK ONE

01 [ ] A Private for Profit company, business or individual, working for wages, salary or commissions
02 [ ] A Private Not-for-Profit, tax-exempt, or charitable organization
03 [ ] Self-Employed in own NOT INCORPORATED business, professional practice, or farm
04 [ ] Self-Employed in own INCORPORATED business, professional practice, or farm
05 [ ] Local government (city, county, etc.)
06 [ ] State government
07 [ ] U.S. military service, active duty or Commissioned Corps (e.g., USPHS, NOAA)
08 [ ] U.S. government (civilian employee)
09 [ ] Other (Specify:)

B6.

Was your principal occupation during April 1988 the SAME as the principal occupation you reported for the week of April 15, 1993?

1 [ ] Yes, same occupation (SKIP TO B9 (PAGE 8))
2 [ ] No, different occupation or was not employed during week of April 15, 1993

B7.

(IF NO) What kind of work were you doing on your principal job held during April 1988--that is, what was your occupation? Please be as specific as possible, including any area of specialization.

Example: College professor - Electrical engineering

_________________________________________
_________________________________________

B8.

Using the JOB CODES (pp. 14-15), choose the code that BEST describes the work you were doing on your principal job during April 1988.

|___|___|___| CODE

B9.

Did you have the SAME employer and SAME occupation in April 1988 and during the week of April 15, 1993?

1 [ ] Yes (SKIP TO PART C (PAGE 9))
2 [ ] No, not employed during the week of April 15, 1993 (SKIP TO PARTC (PAGE 9))
3 [ ] No

B10.

(IF NOT SAME) Did these factors influence your decision to change employers or occupations between April 1988 and the week of April 15, 1993?
MARK YES OR NO FOR EACH

a. Pay, promotion opportunities

1 [ ] Yes 2 [ ] No

b. Working conditions (hours, equipment, working environment)

1 [ ] Yes 2 [ ] No

c. Job location

1 [ ] Yes 2 [ ] No

d. Change in career or professional interests

1 [ ] Yes 2 [ ] No

e. Family-related reasons

1 [ ] Yes 2 [ ] No

f. School-related reasons (e.g., returned to school, completed a degree)

1 [ ] Yes 2 [ ] No

g. Laid off or job terminated

1 [ ] Yes 2 [ ] No

h. Retired

1 [ ] Yes 2 [ ] No

i. Other (Specify:)

1 [ ] Yes 2 [ ] No

B11.

Since receiving your first U.S. doctorate, have you ever spent 3 or more months conducting research in a country other than the United States?

1 [ ] Yes (SKIP TO PART C (PAGE 9))
2 [ ] No

B12.

(IF NO) Would you ever consider conducting research in a country other than the United States?
MARK ONE

1 [ ] Yes
2 [ ] No
3 [ ] Does not apply ? my work does not lend itself to conducting research in or outside of the United States (SKIP TO PART C (PAGE 9))

B13.

(IF APPLIES) How much, if at all, would your interest in conducting research outside the U.S. increase with...
MARK ONE FOR EACH

a. Better financial support?